The U.S. Federal Government expects to spend $980,000,000,000.00 on National Defense in 2025. This represents 14% of all Federal spending in 2025.
National defense is a core function of the federal government, aimed at protecting the United States from external threats, maintaining global stability, and ensuring the safety and security of its citizens. It encompasses the activities of the Department of Defense (DoD), including the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force, as well as related agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security and intelligence organizations. Defense spending supports military operations, personnel salaries, equipment procurement, research and development, and infrastructure maintenance. Additionally, it funds national security initiatives, such as nuclear deterrence and cybersecurity measures, to address evolving global challenges.
National defense is primarily funded through federal revenues, with the majority coming from general taxation. The federal government collects individual income taxes, corporate income taxes, and other revenue streams to allocate resources for defense spending. Unlike programs such as Social Security or Medicare, which rely on dedicated trust funds, defense spending is financed entirely through discretionary appropriations. This means Congress allocates funds annually through the appropriations process, determining specific amounts for defense-related activities based on national priorities and military needs.
Defense spending is categorized as discretionary spending, which constitutes roughly one-third of the federal budget. For fiscal year 2023, national defense accounted for approximately $850 billion, or about 13 percent of total federal expenditures. Each year, the Department of Defense submits a proposed budget to Congress, outlining its priorities and resource requirements. The proposal undergoes review and adjustment by congressional committees before being enacted into law. This process allocates funding for various defense programs, such as personnel costs, weapons procurement, and research initiatives, while allowing for adjustments to address emerging threats or changing geopolitical dynamics. Defense spending levels often reflect broader policy debates regarding the balance between military readiness, fiscal responsibility, and national security objectives.
